However, the CYs’ syntactic structures had significant influences on the participants’ evaluation scores for knowledge, familiarity, subjective frequency, literality, and compositionality, which requires explanation. PubMed He is one who speaks Chinese. (2013), we recorded each measurement on a 7-point Likert scale. 3 还有 hái yǒualso ／ 也有 yě yǒu , in addition, besides, furthermore, moreover, likewise, anyway These two can be used before an object or verb + object. 1, diversity existed between the scores for knowledge, familiarity, subjective frequency, literality, and compositionality under the influences of the CYs’ syntactic structures. 0000134585 00000 n
Keywords: modal verbs, Chinese learners, academic writing, learner corpus, professional corpus 1. One of the learning tips that should also be noted is that in Mandarin, action verbs are used with a particle which gives more precise information. Most CYs are joined structures of two, two-character words—subject–verb units (SVs), verb–object units (VOs), structures of modification (SMs), or verb–verb units—or of four, one-character words. Empirical studies can investigate how the syntactic structure of a CY influences its representation and comprehension, so that the hybrid view on idiom representation and comprehension can be finely specified. 0000165829 00000 n
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Johnston, R. A., & Barry, C. (2006). doi:10.3758/s13428-013-0331-4, Article Below is you can read, print, copy, and download free irregular verbs list in PDF or just in word. Similar to SV CYs, in being less familiar to users than VOVO or VO CYs, SVSV CYs are dissimilar to their SV counterparts in not being less frequently encountered by users than VOVO or VO CYs. 0000010608 00000 n
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The low absolute values of the skewness scores suggest that the norms for literality, compositionality, and subjective frequency embrace symmetric distributions. Idioms are fixed expressions that are standardized in meaning and form. This suggests that CYs with SM and SV compositions are less familiar than those with VO, VV, VOVO, and SMSM structures, and that SVSV CYs are less familiar than those with VO and VV structures, to college students. TRADOC Pamphlet 350-70-1 (24 Feb 2012) Page 1 of 28 Table E-2 lists the standard verbs for task titles. 0000146625 00000 n
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Introduction Modality is extremely important in academic written discourse as it conveys the writer’s attitude both to the propositions he/she makes and to the readers. Journal of Memory and Language, 50, 456–476. 0000138159 00000 n
Approved verbs Definitions P verb level C verb level Related verbs 1. 0000115017 00000 n
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Titone, D. A., & Connine, C. M. (1994b). hޔ�Leǟ����J�-��i���-]J�Q,��l��96c���`�p��mұ*L'�V2�E�?c�P�� �3��8��3��\��k����=�����~��y�Z �@ ��,��@��S&]���R1�����&.�۽a}����b_��Tk���!_�1�:[v�:�ޑl�LwI�DI�&����S(�$��~(l�}���Uo����������8���vx��%��jȻX}��awr\�d;D�9:5�o/�����g�8���ŷ=V1�T�J����췏�M���^�9�VUt��^��5�6�,�u1�e��9kn-~�ԙ{"��WZSUm����2�W�271��Yq��&8��tT!9��MV؟�Fh��j�������u=ŗ�9O��ق����� xJMA6[�1|�����%�7�;��>z��}���������`~�`ӣ}�� The participants were 735 college students (385 males, 350 females; M Consistent with this, the CYs’ predictability was strongly correlated with the participants’ knowledge, AoA, and subjective frequency of the CYs. %PDF-1.4
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Cacciari, C., & Tabossi, P. (1988). 0000009501 00000 n
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On the basis of the interactions between the five norms and the CYs’ syntactic structures (see Fig. Second, the participants’ evaluation scores for literality were strongly correlated with those for compositionality, apparently contrary to the negative correlations between literality and compositionality in Libben and Titone (2008) and Bonin et al. The CYs with SM and SV structures were significantly lower than those with a VO structure, and the CYs with an SMSM composition were significantly lower than those with VO, VV, and VOVO compositions in the evaluation scores for subjective frequency. 0000155794 00000 n
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Moreover, it seems to be clearly evidenced in the interactions between the syntactic structures and norms of the CYs (see Fig. (2013), there were strong intercorrelations between the participants’ scores on knowledge, familiarity, subjective frequency, and AoA. One might intuitively feel that there are overlaps between knowledge, familiarity, and subjective frequency, or between literality and compositionality. 0000156252 00000 n
Here are 150 most commonly used Chinese Verbs List to kickstart your Chinese language learning.. 0000143560 00000 n
& Wang, X. Descriptive norms for 350 Chinese idioms with seven syntactic structures. H�0
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The average evaluation scores for knowledge, familiarity, and predictability were quite high on the 7-point Likert scales. If you prefer the PDF irregular verbs list … That is, the earlier the participants acquired a CY, the more familiar they were with it, the more frequently they encountered it, and the more able they were to verbally explain it. Mandarin Chinese Grammar Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar provides an innovative reference guide to Mandarin Chinese, combining traditional and function-based grammar in a single volume. Acquisition of Chinese quadra-syllabic idiomatic expressions: Effects of semantic opacity and structural symmetry. The instructions were printed at the top of the page. 壹) [yī] one, a little; 第一 dì-yī first, primary; 看一看 . 0000154723 00000 n
Applied PsychoLinguistics, 13, 131–146. Similarly, studies on the relations between the syntactic structures and normative features of idioms promise to yield interesting results in languages other than Chinese. 0000112457 00000 n
Elementary Chinese Grammar 基础汉语语法 2011 7 Stative verbs (1 & 2) A stative verb expresses quality or conditions, as 好 hăo to be good and 忙 máng to be busy. 0000166724 00000 n
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Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 22, 59–82. According to Cutting and Bock (1997), an idiom has its own representation of the lexical concept as a whole, the activation of which spreads to the representations for the constituent words at the lexical–syntactic (lemma) level. The CYs with an SM structure were significantly lower than those with VO, SV, VV, and VOVO structures, and VOVO CYs were significantly higher than those with VO, SV, SMSM, and SVSV structures in compositionality evaluation scores.
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