Native habitat: Central and eastern North America in poor, dry soils. End buds sharp-pointed, distinctly angled, covered with gray hairs. Although the native black oak is most frequently found in dry, poor areas, it prefers rich soil. An Equal Opportunity University. Shrubs are less than 13 feet tall, with multiple stems. Often used as a wood substitute for red oak, black oak is a small to medium sized tree that prefers to grow on poor soiled hillsides instead of valleys where the bigger White and Red Oaks grow. This oak's inner bark, however, is yellow or deep orange and is used to make a yellow dye called quercitron. Oak wilt is a potential disease problem. When old-growth shortleaf pine was logged from the Ozarks from 1890 to 1920, scarlet and black oak colonized those lands. Black Oak. Fruits September–October. Click here, then click on your county either on the map or from the list of counties below it. WARNING: Some websites to which these materials provide links for the convenience of users are not managed by the University of Kentucky. Archie and Gracie Vanderhoef Memorial State Forest, Wildflowers, Grasses and Other Nonwoody Plants. Quercus velutina, the black oak, is a species of oak in the red oak group (Quercus sect. They are 5–10 inches long, 3–8 inches wide, dark and shiny above, pale and conspicuously fuzzy underneath (the species name, velutina, means "velvety"). Black oak and scarlet oak are both relatively short-lived (less than 120 years). Black oak is seldom used as an ornamental. Male and female flowers appear on the same tree. “Wood” is a type of tissue made of cellulose and lignin that many plants develop as they mature — whether they are “woody” or not. Lumber from trees such as red or white oak, black walnut, paulownia, and black cherry is expensive, and a tree in your yard might contain an impressive quantity of wood. Call 1-800-392-1111 to report poaching and arson. Cup with inner surface and scale edges hairy; deep, covering acorn halfway. Growth habit: Black oak has a variable, irregular form and may look unruly. The very prominent tap root of black oak ensures this species' survival under poor growing conditions. The specific epithet, velutina, is derived from the Latin word for fleece, wool or down, vellus, which refers to this species' velvety winter buds and young foliage. Trees are woody plants over 13 feet tall with a single trunk. Tree size: This tree usually grows to a height of 50 to 60 feet. They are 5–10 inches long, 3–8 inches wide, dark and shiny above, pale and conspicuously fuzzy underneath (the species name, velutina, means "velvety"). The inner bark is distinctively mustard yellow or orange, and bitter. It grows best on moist, rich, well-drained soils, but it is often found on poor, dry, sandy or heavy glacial clay hillsides where it seldom lives more than 200 years. The black oak's common name refers to its nearly black bark. Like other tree species, oaks can suffer where construction means a change in the grade around the root system of the tree. It is sometimes called yellow oak (Kentucky), yellowbark oak (Tennessee), or smoothbark oak (Georgia) depending on what State it is found. Leaves are alternate, simple, with 5–7 bristle-tipped lobes, cut deep or shallow. Black oak can be difficult to transplant due to a deep taproot. Though tolerant of dry sites, this species cannot withstand severe drought. Flower and fruit: Female flowers are inconspicuous; male catkins are pendulous. N-318 Ag Sciences Center University of Kentucky Lexington, KY 40546-0091, Fax (Lexington): 859-257-2859 (Princeton): 270-365-2667, For questions about home gardening, landscaping or commercial horticulture production, please contact your county extension agent. For general undergraduate student information, contact Dr. Rick Durham at (859) 257-3249, or [email protected]. In younger black oak trees, the barks is uniform and the color is gray, but when it matures the color would turn to black and getting thicker and has some wrinkles on it. Many types of animals find homes in its strong branches and in hollow places in the trunks; more inhabit it after the tree falls. Famed botanical author Donald Culross Peattie pointed out that, "as a forest tree, as part of the hard, untamed, original sylva," black oak "has a rough, unbending grandeur of its own.". The wood is usually of less value than red oak because the trees are often more open grown and tend to develop more branches. Recently these oaks have been declining, and public land managers are working to restore those areas to the original pine woodlands, currently one of our rarest forest communities. Prune oaks in the dormant season to avoid attracting beetles that may carry oak wilt. They are 5–10 inches long, 3–8 inches wide, dark and shiny above, pale and conspicuously fuzzy underneath. A consistent producer of acorns, black oak feeds blue jays, woodpeckers, wild turkey, ruffed grouse, bobwhite, mice, squirrels, raccoons, and deer. Black oaks can be used in landscaping and windbreaks, and their wood becomes rough lumber and many wood products, including flooring, pallets, railroad ties, and bridge timbers. Twigs stout, reddish-brown, hairy at first, smooth with age. It is sometimes called the eastern black oak. The university does not review, control or take responsibility for the contents of those sites. There are no sharp dividing lines between trees, shrubs, and woody vines, or even between woody and nonwoody plants. The ½- to 3/4-inch acorn is coated with rust-colored down and the top half is enclosed in a cap. Black oak (Quercus velutina) is a common, medium-sized to large oak of the eastern and midwestern United States. For graduate student information, contact Dr. Doug Archbold at 859-257-3352, or [email protected], Black Oak - Quercus velutinaBeech Family (Fagaceae). Tree & Plant Care. Historically, Native Americans used oaks to make a wide variety of medicines. Black oak is a medium-sized tree with a wide-spreading, open crown and tall, straight trunk. Acorns ripen in autumn of second year. Bark is smooth on branches, becoming black and very rough. As a large shade tree, it is less attractive than many of the other native oaks.
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