Necini, P., & Grant, K.A. [51] Alternatively, in the words of the Darqawi Sufi teacher Ahmad ibn Ajiba, "a science through which one can know how to travel into the presence of the Divine, purify one's inner self from filth, and beautify it with a variety of praiseworthy traits".[52]. Contemporary proponents of spirituality may suggest that spirituality develops inner peace and forms a foundation for happiness. Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary. [115][116] Important early-20th century western writers who studied the phenomenon of spirituality, and their works, include William James, The Varieties of Religious Experience (1902) and Rudolph Otto, especially The Idea of the Holy (1917), James' notions of "spiritual experience" had a further influence on the modernist streams in Asian traditions, making them even further recognisable for a western audience. W. Bhavasar and Kiem, Spirituality and Health, in Hindu Spirituality, Editor: Ewert Cousins (1989). Life continues after death but remains focused on pragmatic family and community matters. Our natural state is to be blissful (which is the nature of the Soul within us) and we all inherently yearn to be in this state. In sum, spirituality may not be the "active ingredient" (i.e., past association with psychological well-being measures might reflect a reverse causation or effects from other variables that correlate with spirituality),[105][153][154][155][156][157][158] and that the effects of agreeableness, conscientiousness, or virtue – personality traits common in many non-spiritual people yet known to be slightly more common among the spiritual – may better account for spirituality's apparent correlation with mental health and social support.[159][160][161][162][163]. According to one 2005 poll, about 24% of the United States population identifies itself as "spiritual but not religious". Some Islamic scholars dispute the authenticity of this reference and consider the meaning of jihad as a holy war to be more important. [66][79] Other scholars[80] suggest that these Hindu spiritual practices are not mutually exclusive, but overlapping. In R.W. [176] These results have motivated some leading theorists to speculate that spirituality may be a benign subtype of psychosis (see)[154][177][178][179][180] – benign in the sense that the same aberrant sensory perceptions that those suffering clinical psychoses evaluate as distressingly incongruent and inexplicable are instead interpreted by spiritual individuals as positive (personal and meaningful transcendent experiences).[178][179]. Is this all there is to life – for example – getting a good education, earning money, getting a loan, purchasing a car, getting an even bigger loan, purchasing a house, purchasing a bigger house, achieving success and recognition in some field, raising a family and then ultimately we die ? In Clarke, I. Stroud, Barry. Although this quest is very individual (i.e., we all have our own personal definition of Spirituality), it is collective in spirit. However, Spirituality is the knowledge of infinity, that is, knowledge of all subjects. The 14th Dalai Lama, for example, has proposed that if a scientific analysis conclusively showed certain claims in Buddhism to be false, then the claims must be abandoned and the findings of science accepted. Note : For more information please refer to the article on – What is the purpose of life ? One cannot overstate the importance of having a spiritually evolved guide (Guru) in one’s spiritual journey. Furthermore, many of spirituality's core features are not unique to spirituality; for example self-transcendence, asceticism and the recognition of one's connection to all were regarded by the atheist Arthur Schopenhauer as key to ethical life. It is not that there is a shortage of genuine seekers who want to progress spiritually. While all these choices are awesome, in my estimation, they don't equate to being spiritual. A ‘sect’ is a group of people who usually think that their Path to God is the best and the preferable one (if not the only one). Among other factors, declining membership of organized religions and the growth of secularism in the western world have given rise to this broader view of spirituality. Spirituality recognises that your role in life has a greater value than what you do every day. (1985), Hare Krishna in America, Rutgers University Press; sfn error: no target: CITEREFOtterloo2012 (, sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFHanegraaff1996 (. (1998), Jīvanmukti in Transformation: Embodied Liberation in Advaita and Neo-Vedanta, State University of New York Press, Sawai, Y. [53][54] This non-violent meaning is stressed by both Muslim[55] and non-Muslim[56] authors. In some African contexts,[which?] The term was used within early Christianity to refer to a life oriented toward the Holy Spirit[6] and broadened during the Late Middle Ages to include mental aspects of life. [web 10][web 11][30] Other influences came through Paul Brunton's A Search in Secret India (1934),[121] which introduced Ramana Maharshi (1879–1950) and Meher Baba (1894–1969) to a western audience. The term spiritual has frequently become used in contexts in which the term religious was formerly employed. The Musar movement is a Jewish spiritual movement that has focused on developing character traits such as faith, humility, and love. [90] Nanak talks further about the one God or akal (timelessness) that permeates all life[91]). [29], William James popularized the use of the term "religious experience" in his The Varieties of Religious Experience. "[note 2] Houtman and Aupers suggest that modern spirituality is a blend of humanistic psychology, mystical and esoteric traditions, and Eastern religions. In: M. De Caro & D. Macarthur (Eds.). [100], Those who speak of spirituality outside of religion often define themselves as spiritual but not religious and generally believe in the existence of different "spiritual paths", emphasizing the importance of finding one's own individual path to spirituality. [web 8]. Sometimes one may be stagnating in his spiritual practice and one may not even realise it. [144][145][146][147] Although spiritual individuals tend to be optimistic,[148] report greater social support,[149] and experience higher intrinsic meaning in life,[150] strength, and inner peace,[151] whether the correlation represents a causal link remains contentious. Both supporters and opponents of this claim agree that past statistical findings are difficult to interpret, in large part because of the ongoing disagreement over how spirituality should be defined and measured.
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