Though it is regarded as the second-largest district in the region, it has the lowest population density among the districts of Kerala, the urban population being higher than the rural. M. gwatkinsii. The Nilgiri Hills are separated from the Karnataka Plateau to the north by the Moyar River.. Three national parks border portions of the Nilgiri mountains. Idukki is rich in forests and also known as the "Spice Garden of Kerala". [6]), and form a part of the protected bio-reserves in India. According to UNESCO, the Western Ghats are older than the Himalayas. The District Collector, Collector's Office, Udhagamandalam, The Nilgiris District, Tamil Nadu, Rice, C G Dr (1984) US Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, USA, ", Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 103 (2-3), May-Dec 2006 356-365, Nayar & Sastry (1987-88) Red Data Book, Plants of India, List of Indian states and territories by highest point, "Application of GPS and GIS for the detailed Development planning", World Heritage sites, Nilgiri Sub-Cluster, "Collection search: You searched for Nilgiri", "Nilgiri Hills (India), Description and travel; Nilgiri Hills (India), Social life and customs", The behaviour and ecology of Nilgiri Tahr, HABITAT MODIFICATIONS BY SCOTCH BROOM CYTISUS SCOPARIUS INVASION OF GRASSLANDS OF THE UPPER NILGIRIS IN INDIA, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nilgiri_Mountains&oldid=990912908, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2017, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 27 November 2020, at 06:15. [4], The Nilgiri Hills are separated from the Karnataka Plateau to the north by the Moyar River. The word Nilgiri, coming from Sanskrit neelam (blue) + giri (mountain), has been in use since at least 1117 CE. The protected areas of Kerala include a wide range of biomes, extending east from the coral reefs, estuaries, salt marshes, mangroves and beaches of the Arabian Sea through the tropical moist broadleaf forests of the Malabar Coast moist forests to the North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests and South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests to South Western Ghats montane rain forests on the western border of Tamil Nadu in the Western Ghats. For other uses, see, View of Nilgiri Mountains and its dense rainforests, UNESCO, World Heritage sites, Tentative lists, Western Ghats (subcluster nomination), retrieved 4/20/2007, District Administration, Nilgiris (8/20/2007) National Informatics Centre, Nilgiris, retrieved 8/31/2007. At least 24 of the Nilgiri Mountains' peaks are above 2,000 metres (6,600 ft), the highest peak being Doddabetta, at 2,637 metres (8,652 ft). Indian crested porcupine, Malabar giant squirrel, Honey badger, Indian grey mongoose, Indian pangolin, Indian fox, Smooth coated otter, Painted bat etc. Threatened plants of the Nilgiris include: Herd of Gaur, Indian bisons in Mudumalai national park, This article is about the mountain range in India. Creature Profile Share Binomial name. The range runs north to south along the western edge of the Deccan Plateau, and separates the plateau from a narrow coastal plain, called Konkan, along the Arabian Sea. [12][13], In the 19th century, when the British Straits Settlement shipped Chinese convicts to be jailed in India, the Chinese men settled in the Nilgiri mountains near Naduvattam after their release and married Tamil Paraiyan women, having mixed Chinese-Tamil children with them. It is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. The shola and grassland together form the shola-grassland complex or mosaic. The Nilgiri Marten is similar to the yellow-throated marten, but is larger and essentially different in the structure of the skull - it has a prominent frontal concavity. The park is administered by the Kerala Department of Forests and Wildlife, Munnar Wildlife Division, together with the nearby Mathikettan Shola National Park, Eravikulam National Park, Anamudi Shola National Park, Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary and the Kurinjimala Sanctuary. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is one of the eight "hottest hot-spots" of biological diversity in the world. Karian Shola National Park is a protected area in the Western Ghats, India, nominated as a national park in 1989. Law's Fall, near Coonoor, is interesting due to its association with the engineer Major G. C. Law who supervised building of the Coonoor Ghat road.[17]. [2] It is about 55–65 cm (22–26 in) long from head to vent and has a tail of 40–45 cm (16–18 in). [16], The highest waterfall, Kolakambai Fall, north of Kolakambai hill, has an unbroken fall of 400 ft (120 m). Montane forests and Tropical moist forests are also found here. The greatest rainfall occurs between June and September during the southwest monsoon, with lesser amounts falling in the northeast monsoon between October and November. Agasthyavanam Biological Park is a protected area in the Western Ghats, India. The second highest is Catherine Falls, near Kotagiri, with a 250 ft (76 m) fall, named after the wife of M.D. They influence the weather in India as they intercept the incoming monsoon storm systems. Indian cobra, Malabar pit viper, Nilgiri keelback, Oriental garden lizard, Eryx whitakeri and Mugger crocodile are reptiles found here. The Bhavani Valley and the Lambton's peak range of Coimbatore district stretch from here. [7], The first recorded use of the word Nila applied to this region can be traced back to 1117 AD. The Nilgiri Marten (Martes gwatkinsii) is a species of concern belonging in the species group "mammals" and found in the following area(s): India. Kulakombai (1,707 metres (5,600 ft)) is east of the Devashola. It weighs about 2.1 kg (4.6 lb). Snowdon, Club Hill and Elk Hill with Doddabetta, form the impressive Udhagamandalam Valley. The marten's English common name is derived from the Nilgiri Hills that form the center of its range, but sightings have been reported as far north as Charmadi Ghat and as far south as the Neyyar and Peppara Wildlife Sanctuaries. The stripe-necked mongoose is a mongoose species native to forests and shrublands from southern India to Sri Lanka. It is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. The Nilgiri Sub-Cluster is a part of the Western Ghats, which was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2012. The small Indian civet is a civet native to South and Southeast Asia. Mukurthi National Park lies in the southwest part of the range, in Kerala, covering an area of 78.5 km², which includes intact shola-grassland mosaic, habitat for the Nilgiri tahr. The Nilgiri Marten ("Martes gwatkinsii") is the only species of marten found in southern India. They are not true mountains, but the edge of a fault that resulted about 150 million years ago as the subcontinent of India split from Gondwanaland. [19] The area also features one large and several smaller hydro-electric impoundments. They influence Indian monsoon weather patterns by intercepting the rain-laden monsoon winds that sweep in from the south-west during late summer. The word Nilgiri, coming from Sanskrit neelam (blue) + giri (mountain), has been in use since at least 1117 CE. Pampadum Shola National Park is the smallest national park in Kerala state, South India. The dominant type of habitat is Tropical rainforest. About the size of a brown rat, this arboreal species lives in tree holes in dense forest habitats in a small family group. "Mustelids, Viverrids and Herpestids of India: Species Profile and Conservation Status", "Lesser Known Carnivores of the Western Ghats", "Recent sightings and habitat characteristics of the endemic Nilgiri Marten, Photographs: Close encounters in the wild. Most protected areas throughout its 14 districts are under the stewardship of the Kerala Forest Department and like all other protected areas of India receive support from the Ministry of Environment and Forests (India). Closely linked peaks in the west of Doddabetta range and nearby Udhagamandalam include:[citation needed]. [10] [2] It has also been observed feeding on a variety of fruits and seeds. Its division was earlier headquartered at Kottayam city, but moved to Painavu in June 1976. The Westerns Ghats, Anamalai Sub-Cluster, including these parks, is under consideration by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee for selection as a World Heritage Site. In 1899, the Nilgiri Mountain Railway was completed by influential and enterprising British citizens, with venture capital from the Madras government. It is mainly arboreal, but descends to the ground occasionally. Coordinates: 11°22′30″N 76°45′30″E / 11.375°N 76.75833°E / 11.375; 76.75833. The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve is an International Biosphere Reserve in the Western Ghats and Nilgiri Hills ranges of South India.
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