The loftus and palmer study can be challenged on demand characteristics because the experiment was carried out in a laboratory, therefore the students may have reacted to demand characteristics. There was none shown in the slides. Therefore allowing them to determine the cause and effect i.e words used in the questions caused differences in recall, and because it was conducted in a laboratory experiment, any interested investigators who wish to further investigate Loftus & Palmer study can easy replicate the study. Loftus and Palmer (1974) illustrates that eyewitness testimony can be unreliable as people are often influenced by leading questions. And she was then questioned on many things that what kind of methods she used to perform the research and she was held responsible for her action and … An example of an eyewitness testimony can be when an eyewitness can give evidence to the police about a robbery that may have happened. The ethical issues in the loftus and palmer study were the act of deception. Studies proved that participants from the ‘smashed’ verb group, which had the highest speed in the original test, thought there was more smashed glass at the scene than any of the other groups. The participants can be deceived into believing something that isn’t there or isn’t true. The conclusion were that This research suggests that memory is easily distorted by questioning technique and information acquired after the event can merge with original memory causing inaccurate recall or reconstructive memory. A two part summary of the research is here and here. Change ), Blog Assignment 4 (loftus and palmer study 1974). Each group was asked a particular question utilizing a verb (smashed, collided, bumped, hit, contacted) after having watched a video of a car accident. Loftus and Palmer (1974) Participants were shown videos of traffic collisions, and then given a … Demand characteristics means during an experiment, a participant might pick up on some clue or bias from the researcher, the situation, or something about the experiment that gives the participant and idea of what type of response the researcher is looking for. (2/4) Explain how one core study raises ethical issues in psychological research. . The criticisms were the research lacks mundane realism, as the video clip does not have the same emotional impact as witnessing a real-life accident and so the research lacks ecological validity. (2) (June 2012) Misleading information is when you give information or evidence that isn’t accurate or is untrue. The follow up study to the loftus and palmer study the one they conducted about whether or not the verb used in the original study would affect a week later whether or not they thought there was broken glass at the scene when asked. ( Log Out /  Psychology is a very sensitive field and ethical concerns are likely to arise when carrying out research and prescribing any method of treatment to an individual. The addition of false details to a memory of an event is referred to as confabulation. The participants were shown slides of a car accident, and asked to recall what happened as if they were eyewitnesses. DOCX 393KB; Milgram and Bocchiaro H167 H567 - This classroom activity is designed to help students compare and contrast these two studies. Loftus and Palmer (AS and A Level) – Classic Describe the procedure followed in Loftus and Palmer’s first experiment into eyewitness testimony. There are cases of real-life recall where memory for an anxious / stressful event is accurate, even some months later. This has important implications for the questions used in police interviews of eyewitnesses. Loftus & Palmer). Start studying Loftus and Palmer (1974) Ethical issues. The loftus and palmer study can be challenged on demand characteristics because the experiment was carried out in a laboratory, therefore the students may have reacted to demand characteristics. The participants in Loftus (1979) were deceived as they were led to believe it was a real situation, this it may have caused psychological harm to the participant. The first experiment involved asking an opportunity sample of 45 students, each allocated to one of five groups. Elizabeth Loftus: How reliable is your memory? Change ), You are commenting using your Twitter account. 02_04 Gross_Guide_OCR_AS Art e 2.2 GGP OCR AS Ch02.indd 6-7 09/02/2012 14:40 This is one of the most important issues in psychological research. 45 American students formed an opportunity sample. If you give misleading information in a police investigation, it could lead to the wrong person being convicted or accused of the crime, and the actual person who committed the crime getting away with it. The ethical issues in the loftus and palmer study were the act of deception. Change ), You are commenting using your Facebook account. This doesn’t mean that the participant is right, just that something makes them act in a way they think is what the researcher wants and not necessarily in their normal manner. Many ethical issues concerning participant observations (especially covert) are reasons why the use of this research method may be undesirable As a an active participant, the researcher may have to participate in a social situation where they are unable to behave according to the best ethical practice Although this study is useful for investigating the effects of suggestion on memory, it's 5. Loftus and Palmer also wanted to see if the leading questions just changed the responses given to the questions, or whether the participant’s memories had actually altered as a result of the leading questions. Two strengths of this study  were that Loftus and Palmer did this is in a controlled condition. Loftus and Palmer tested their hypothesis by setting up two lab experiments. Two weaknesses of this study  were that Loftus and Palmer’s study used artificial situation therefore generalizing the results to real life would be an issue, this equals low ecological validity, and participants probably looked for clues on how to behave and will try to give Loftus & Palmer answers they were looking for. Loftus and Palmer Eyewitness Testimony Study (1974). The independent variable was the wording of the question, and the dependant variable was the speed reported by the participants. Create a free website or blog at WordPress.com. [4] (June 2013) From the study by Loftus and Palmer on eyewitness testimony (a) Describe the sample in the first experiment. It was a laboratory experiment in which there were 5 conditions. Reasonable explanations could include the purpose of t… research. (2) (b) Outline one limitation of this sample. They aimed to show that the cues within leading questions could distort eyewitness testimony accounts.

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